Judah

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Throughout the Scriptures, there are several references to kings and rulers of the nation of Israel. But what really makes a difference in this significant historical "story" is whether the king was, very simply put, good or bad. The impact of the good king was as consequential as the impact of the bad king; however, they were both at two opposite extremes. It is important to know the good king from the bad, and to realize the magnitude of both kinds of reigns. The good king has three major characteristics he is filled with the spirit of the Lord, hence earning the title of "charismatic", he is faithful to the covenant, and lastly he abides by the word of the Lord. The bad king, however, may have been charismatic at first, but loses the spirit of the Lord when he makes a bad decision, a concept similar to the ancient Chinese notion of a Mandate of Heaven. He does not conform to the covenant, and he does not abide by the word of the Lord.

Primarily, the charismatic quality is of top priority. The Lord is the judge on whether a person does or does not qualify as charismatic. Therefore, he chooses who will be the king of his people. An example of a good king is King Hezekiah. King Hezekiah was a descendant of Ahaz, and he actually started out as a king through dynasty, a dynasty that Ahaz was trying to establish. He commenced his reign as a bad king; he revised the political approach of his father Ahaz by appealing to Egypt, hence halting Assyrian expansion. His pragmatic approach, however, was scornfully criticized by the prophet Isaiah, who was extremely active and highly influential in Judah during this period. In Isaiah 11, he is known to say, Ha! Those who go down to Egypt for help and rely upon horses! They have put their trust in abundance of chariots, in vast numbers of riders, and they have not turned to the Holy One of Israel, they have not sought the Lord. Isaiah's theo-political methodology stated that the Assyrian conquests were no more than an omen to the people to resume the worship of the Lord once more, and that attempts to rely on temporal military help was destined to fail. Hezekiah took Isaiah's sensible advice and then had a complete change in thought. He started to do good deeds, and the king of Israel was once more filled with the spirit of Yahweh and becoming a follower of the exemplar-king, David. Hezekiah abided by the word of the Lord by living through the Torah and obeying the preaching of Isaiah, the prophet of that time. He began to renew the worship of Yahweh after the long period of time in which people had worshipped false gods, idols, and ba'als. He abolished the shrines and smashed the pillars and cut down the sacred post. He also broke into pieces the bronze serpent which Moses had made, for until that time the Israelites had been offering sacrifices to it ( Kings 184). Simultaneously, he brought about once again the important tradition of Passover. This was a great advancement religiously for the Judeans because it showed a renewal in obedience in God as well as in serving the people, which is the last requirement of a constitutional Judean king. Chron 01,6 talks about how a great crowd assembled at Jerusalem to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread in the second month, a very great congregation. They set to and removed the altars that were in Jerusalem, and they removed all the incense stands and threw them into Wadi Kidron...There was great rejoicing in Jerusalem, for since the time of King Solomon son of David of Israel nothing like it had happened in Jerusalem. Serving God and the people by obeying God and the Torah is the best way to be a good ruler.

Ahaz, however, was a bad king. Firstly, Yahweh did not appoint him king; therefore he was not a charismatic leader. Being a charismatic leader means that one is filled with God's spirit, so they are like David faithful and true to Yahweh. He also makes certain that his nation is a nation set apart from other nations and that his nation does not get embroiled in other nations' affairs. Secondly, He did not obey the Lord. In 746 BC, Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria had the dream of conquering the world, and coincidentally had the power and finances to do it as well. He began by conquering the Babylonians, then attacked all the tribes around the Tigres and Euphrates Rivers, including the Chaldeans, the Arabs, the Arameans, and several of the Persian tribes as well. Syria, one of the "sleeping giants" that Israel was warned about during the reign of Jehu, is starting to "awaken." Syria attacks Israel while Judah is fighting Israel, so to get Syria out of the way, Israel sends tribute to Assyria, and Tiglath Peleser III, to engage with Syria so that they will be out of the way whilst Israel is entangled in its own civil war. Assyria defeats Syria, but the Israelites are still obligated, or to be more to the point, forced to keep paying Assyria tribute. Ahaz, instead of quashing this tribute as soon as possible, relents to paying the tribute instead of taking care of his anawim, the poorest of the poor in Israel. This portrays how Ahaz does not follow fidelity to the covenant because he does not take care of his people, especially the people who are most in need of his aid. Ahaz goes to the point of even worshipping the gods of Assyria and building the gods of Tiglath Pileser an alter and putting it in a Hebrew temple. Ahaz is no longer worshipping Yahweh in his temple. He sacrificed his son to a foreign god through a practice called immolation, which is used in special cases when someone important is sacrificed through cremation. This is known as a blatant act of false worship, for Yahweh has never since the time of Abraham and Isaac asked anyone to sacrifice any of his people. Lastly, Ahaz is a bad king because he does not listen to his prophet or live the Torah, and therefore does not follow the word of the Lord. Isaiah is the prophet during the reign of Ahaz. He was a part of the Jerusalem aristocracy. This, though, did not prevent him from being an outspoken mouthpiece of the anawim and common people, who were being victimized by the rampant corruption of the ruling class. Isaiah says of Ahaz' treatment of the anawim, What need have I of all your sacrifices? says the Lord... Put your evil doings away from my sight... Devote yourselves to justice... Uphold the rights of the orphan; defend the cause of the widow(Isaiah 111-17). Ahaz does not listen to Isaiah, but goes on with his maltreatment of the helpless and tribute to the corrupt nations. Ahaz has all of the attributes that make him a prime example of a terrible and even fraudulent king, since he was not called upon by God put took it upon himself to become the king of Israel.

There is a conspicuous distinction between the good king and the bad king. The good king follows in the footsteps of David, the exemplar king. The bad king cogitates thoughts reminiscent of Ahab and other unfaithful kings of infidelity. The good kings have proven that there is still hope for the Chosen People of the Lord, and through their charismatic ways, fidelity to the covenant, and inert adherence to the word of the Lord, they will prevail.

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