Byzantine Empire and Muslims

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Events in history can often change the course of political, economic and social development for a society. For two certain societies, these changes affected the course of its vast empire. These significant events for an established society such as problems produced by their successes and the lessons to be learned from their failures is something that historians try to study. As a modern society, we can find parallels between ancient and modern times and learn from their failures.


The most apparent of these examples can be found in the Roman Empire, which covered about half of Europe, much of the Middle East, and the north coast of Africa. The empire then began to crumble, partly because it was too big for Rome to govern. In A.D. 476, Germanic tribes overthrew the last Roman Empire. The millions of people who lived in the Roman Empire bound them together under a common system of law and government. Multiple scholars have contended that the primary reason for Rome's decline and eventual fall was the receding of the great Empire's economic might, and the social repercussions that accompanied it on the surface. Two reasons for the lack of funds are wholesale hoarding of bullion by Roman citizens, and the widespread looting of the Roman treasury by the "barbarians". These two factors coupled with the massive trade deficit with Eastern Regions of the Empire served to stifle the growth of wealth in the west. This would have large ramifications that permeate the very essence of Roman society. The climate also changed, there were hot droughts and cold rainy seasons. This made the crops decrease and would force the Romans to undergo widespread irrigation projects on land which had formerly been self sufficient. The huge quantities of water needed for this project had to be contained in large reservoirs, and the standing water became stagnant. This water began to breed mosquitoes which carried malaria. The malaria began to weaken and kill a large percentage of the population.


Political problems also contributed to Rome's decline. First, as the government became more oppressive and authoritarian, it lost the support of the people. Growing numbers of corrupt officials undermined loyalty, too. Perhaps most important, dividing the empire at a time when it was under attack may have weakened it beyond repair. It also affected it socially, because they had a decline in values such as patriotism, discipline, and devotion on duty on which the empire was built on. The upperclass, which had once provided leaders, devoted itself to luxury and self interest. In essence, the Roman Empire crumbled due to insufficient economic power, which came about for a variety of reasons. It lacked the resources necessary to keep such a vast empire intact. The empire reached such a point that it could no longer support itself, becoming top heavy, and crashed down like a tower that had grown too high for its own foundation.


Another example of the economic, political, and social development is the expansion of Islam. Muhammad, a man who was born in Mecca shared his views and people were moved with his words. When Muhammad died, his followers carried his message of Islam to people on three continents and set off one of the most powerful forces in history. The followers did not make people convert by their choice. They seized the people and forced them to follow Islam. They conquered great chunks of the Byzantine Empire, including Syria and Palestine. They then moved to Spain to expand the Muslim zone much farther into Asia and Africa. This also had long term affects on in linking these country in Musslim trade.


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They had such great success because the Byzantine and Persian empires were weak. The Muslims also imposed a special tax on non- Muslims, but allowed Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians to practice their own faith and follow their own laws. As Muslim civilization developed, many Jews and Christians played key roles as officials, doctors and translators. In time, many non- Muslims converted to Islam. Many nomadic people of North Africa and Central Asia chose Islam immediately. Its message was simple and direct and they saw its triumph as a sign of God's favor. Moreover, Islam had no religious hierarchy or class of priests. In principle, it emphasized the equality of all believers, regardless of race, gender, class, or wealth. In later centuries, Turkish and Mongol converts helped spread Islam far across Asia. In a centuries time, 1/ of the world converted to Islam. The trade routes connecting the eastern and western branches of Christendom were weakened as the Muslims seized control of the sea.


The Muslim Empire united people from diverse cultures. In time, their civilization absorbed and blended many traditions. People in their society could move up, especially through religious, scholarly, or military achievements. As with Rome, slavery was common in cities of the Muslim world, but if slaves converted to Islam they did not automatically become free but their children did. Islamic law later encouraged the freeing of slaves. Economically, merchants were honored in the Muslim world because Muhammad himself was a merchant. Camel caravans crossed the Sahara dessert into West Africa with goods. Muslim traders bought and exchanged goods, and created great fortunes. Arab merchants brought Arabic numerals from India to the Western world. Thus helping a common language and religion to globally grow.


Wide reaching trade and a prosperous economy for the Muslims led them to find news ways of doing business. Partnerships were set up and they brought and sold on credit. Banks were also formed to change currency. The Muslims invented what is now today's bank checks.


Agriculture also flourished. Muslim farmers cultivated sugar cane, cotton, dyes, dates, olives and other crops, which were bough and sold in world markets. Irrigation projects had to be formed for the dry dessert land. Islam's agriculture also influenced the culture. Muslim architects used domes and arches from Byzantine buildings and put them to new uses. Domed mosques dominated Muslim cities. Courtyards outside these religious shines had fountains which provided a place for the faithful to participate in a ceremonial washing before prayer. Hospitals were also built as medical advances were made. Islamic governments set up hospitals with a department similar to today's emergency rooms.


Events in history can often change the course of political, economic and social development for a society. For these two societies, significant events changed the course of their whole empire. As a modern society, we can find parallels between ancient and modern times and learn from their failures.Please note that this sample paper on Byzantine Empire and Muslims is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Byzantine Empire and Muslims, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Byzantine Empire and Muslims will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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