Cloning: The Ups and Downs

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• Methods of Cloning

-There are many possible ways to clone an organism, but two successful examples are

• Dolly's case

-Dolly was cloned by Ian Wilmut

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-Wilmut fused an udder cell from a six year old sheep with the egg cell from another sheep after removing the genetic material from the egg

• The mice

-In Hawaii a student named Teruhiko Wakayama cloned mice

-Mice were thought to be the worst candidate for cloning because their egg cells are very delicate and their embryos developed rapidly

-Wakayama used adult, or differentiated cells

-Differentiated cells are cells that have already become specialized

-He took the nucleus out of the adult cell and injected it into an empty egg

-Wakayama produced three generations of identical mice, 50 in all

• Medical Uses

-Cloning can be used in the medical field in many ways

•Cloning can be used to eliminate donor rejection

-If the body's immune system senses something foreign in the body even an organ, it will attack and destroy it, this is the reason it takes so long to find donors for specific organs, they have to be somewhat genetically identical

•To understand cancer

-Cloning can reveal cancer's many mysteries including it's rapid cell growth

• The regeneration of damaged tissues

-Severe burn victims can have their damaged skin replaced

-Stem cells could be grown to regenerate damaged nerve or muscle tissues

• Scientists could insert genes into laboratory cells that would force the cells to make valuable drugs, like clotting factors for hemophiliacs

• If you needed a bone marrow transplant, any cell in your body in your body can be taken and inserted into a human egg and before it develops into an identical clone, it can be bathed in proteins that direct primitive cells to become marrow cells; it would grow into a batch of your marrow cells, eliminating the long wait on a donor list

• Cloning could even lead to eradication of genetic diseases

• Other Uses

-Zoologists could clone animals that are on the verge of extinction

-Cloning of the dead

-Certain reproduction

-A second life (eternal youth)

-Choice of children and their traits

• The Ethical Debate

-Many people believe cloning to morally wrong

-Many people believe cloning is playing God, that man has finally gone so far in it's scientific advances that the end of the world is near

-People also believe that cloning will help save lives, that their research can cure diseases and birth defects

-Some believe that by curing diseases that man is trying to defy nature and God

-It took scientists 77 tries to get a healthy lamb (Dolly), in human cloning who are they to play with life that way, by right every failed clone even has the right to live (maybe a new area of the abortion debate)

-Cloning regarded as evil. This is the Official opinion of the Roman Catholic Church

-The priest Albert Moraczewski of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops believes "that couples who clone a child would be dehumanizing the act of procreating and treating their child as an object attempting to design and control the very identity of the child."

-In my opinion the ethical debate over cloning is a chess game in check, for every plus there is a minus. Even is people ban cloning, history has shown us that regardless of public opinion, the American government (and others) will continue their research in secret or in public view despite public opinion. We still make nuclear bombs don't we? It's inevitable.

• Kolata, Gina

18. Clone. William Morrow and Company, Inc. New York.

• Lemonick, Michael D. (18, August ). "Dolly, You're History." Time, 64

• (18 April 8). Human Cloning The Process. http//www.cs.virginia.edu/~jones/tmp5/projects8/group1/how.html

• (17 August 16). New Techniques Make Cloning Genetically-altered Animals Easy. http//dhushara.tripod.com/book/genes/genaug/cowclon.htm

• Dixon, Patrick. Human Cloning Headlines Frequent Human Cloning Updates. http//www.globalchange.com/clonenews.htm

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